RT Book, Section A1 Parker, Robert B. A1 Coons, James C. A2 Chisholm-Burns, Marie A. A2 Schwinghammer, Terry L. A2 Malone, Patrick M. A2 Kolesar, Jill M. A2 Bookstaver, P. Brandon A2 Lee, Kelly C. SR Print(0) ID 1187007627 T1 Arrhythmias T2 Pharmacotherapy Principles & Practice, 6e YR 2022 FD 2022 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781260460278 LK ppp.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1187007627 RD 2024/03/29 AB LEARNING OBJECTIVESUpon completion of the chapter, the reader will be able to:Describe the phases of the cardiac action potential, cardiac myocyte ion currents corresponding to each phase, and the relationship between the cardiac action potential and the electrocardiogram (ECG).Describe the modified Vaughan Williams classification of antiarrhythmic drugs and compare and contrast the effects of these drugs on cardiac electrophysiology.Determine risk factors for and mechanisms, etiologies, symptoms, and goals of therapy of (a) sinus bradycardia, (b) atrioventricular (AV) block, (c) atrial fibrillation (AF), (d) paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), (e) premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), (f) ventricular tachycardia (VT, including torsades de pointes [TdP]), and (g) ventricular fibrillation (VF).Compare and contrast mechanisms of action of drugs used for ventricular rate control, conversion to sinus rhythm, and maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with AF.Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of warfarin and the direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with AF.Discuss nonpharmacologic methods for termination of PSVT and compare and contrast mechanisms of action of drugs used for acute termination of PSVT, as well as treatment options for long-term prevention of PSVT recurrence.Describe the role of drug therapy for management of asymptomatic and symptomatic PVCs.Compare and contrast mechanisms of action of drugs used for treatment of acute episodes of VT and describe options and indications for nonpharmacologic treatment of VT and VF.Design individualized drug therapy treatment plans for patients with (a) sinus bradycardia, (b) AV block, (c) AF, (d) PSVT, (e) PVCs, (f) VT (including TdP), and (g) VF.